Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server administration Course Overview

Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server administration Course Overview

The Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server administration course is a comprehensive training program designed for learners looking to master server management using the popular Ubuntu 20.04 LTS release. This course equips individuals with the essential skills for managing and operating an Ubuntu server environment, preparing them for Ubuntu Server certification.

Starting with an introduction to Ubuntu and the CLI environment, learners will gain a foundational understanding of basic Linux concepts, including the Filesystem hierarchy, Storage, and System initialization. The course also dives deeply into Networking, process, and Software management, Troubleshooting, and Installation of Ubuntu.

Advanced topics covered include OpenSSH, Virtualization with KVM, System initialization with Grub2, Filesystem management, and RAID configurations. Security is a crucial part of the course, detailing PAM, ACLs, and AppArmor. Additionally, learners will explore modern technologies like Snappy and LXD for Package management and Containerization. Throughout the course, participants will acquire practical skills that are immediately applicable in real-world scenarios, making them proficient in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server administration.

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Course Prerequisites

To ensure you are well-prepared and can gain the most from the Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server administration course, the following prerequisites are recommended:


  • Basic understanding of computer hardware and architectures.
  • Familiarity with operating systems concepts such as file systems, processes, and user management.
  • Experience with using command-line interfaces (CLI), as you will need to comfortably navigate and execute commands in a terminal.
  • Basic knowledge of networking concepts, including IP addressing, subnetting, and the role of network devices such as routers and switches.
  • An understanding of fundamental Linux commands and permissions is beneficial but not mandatory.
  • Prior exposure to any Linux distribution would be helpful, though specific experience with Ubuntu is not required.
  • Willingness to learn and explore new technologies and a problem-solving mindset are essential traits to have.

This course is designed to accommodate learners who are new to Linux as well as those who have some experience but wish to deepen their understanding of Ubuntu server administration. If you are new to some of these concepts, the course will guide you through the basics before moving on to more advanced topics.


Target Audience for Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server administration

  1. The Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server administration course offers in-depth training for managing Linux servers, suitable for IT professionals.


  2. Target audience for the course includes:


  • System Administrators
  • IT Infrastructure Managers
  • Network Administrators
  • DevOps Engineers
  • Technical Support Specialists
  • Cloud Engineers
  • Security Professionals
  • Database Administrators
  • IT Students and Academic Staff with a focus on computer science or related fields
  • Professionals looking to transition into Linux-based roles
  • Software Developers with a need to understand server environments
  • Data Center Technicians
  • IT Professionals seeking Linux certification


Learning Objectives - What you will Learn in this Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server administration?

Introduction to Learning Outcomes

Gain comprehensive knowledge in managing Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server, covering system administration, networking, security, virtualization, and advanced filesystem management.

Learning Objectives and Outcomes

  • Understand the Ubuntu operating system, its ecosystem, and command-line interface (CLI) environment.
  • Master the Linux filesystem hierarchy, storage management, and user and group identity management.
  • Configure basic networking on Ubuntu Server, including understanding protocols and IP addressing.
  • Perform process and software management, install Ubuntu, and troubleshoot common system issues.
  • Secure remote administration with OpenSSH, including key-based authentication and SSH tools.
  • Set up and manage virtualization environments using KVM and QEMU, enhancing skills in advanced server administration.
  • Configure system initialization processes, including GRUB2 and systemd, and manage hardware enablement stacks (HWE).
  • Learn advanced filesystem concepts, including inodes, superblocks, setuid/setgid bits, sticky bits, and the XFS filesystem.
  • Manage complex storage solutions, such as RAID configurations, software RAID recovery, and device mapper multipathing.
  • Implement network security and authentication using PAM, ACLs, AppArmor, and understand advanced networking features like VLANs and bonding.

Technical Topic Explanation

Ubuntu Server certification

Ubuntu Server certification is a qualification program that verifies an individual's capability to install, configure, and maintain Ubuntu servers, particularly focused on the current long-term support version, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS server. This certification ensures professionals are equipped to manage the server edition of Ubuntu, enhancing their ability to support enterprise-level operations and server environments. The certification covers system setup, managing users, security protocols, and essential network services, making it pertinent for IT professionals aiming to enhance their skills in managing Linux-based server infrastructures.

Linux concepts

Linux is an open-source operating system used widely on servers and desktops. It is known for its stability and security, which makes it popular for running servers, like those using the Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server version. This specific version, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, stands for "Long Term Support," meaning it receives updates and support for five years, ideal for enterprises that need a stable and supported environment without frequent upgrades. Linux users can enhance their skills and credibility through certifications such as the Ubuntu Server Certification, demonstrating proficiency in managing and operating Ubuntu server environments.

CLI environment

A CLI environment, or Command-Line Interface, is a text-based interface where users interact with the computer by typing commands. Instead of using a graphical interface with icons and windows, you enter commands through a prompt to execute tasks, manage files, or run software. This environment is especially prevalent in server management, such as using Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server, because it allows for efficient and direct control, often crucial for system administration and development tasks. It's favored for its low resource usage, precision, and the ability to automate tasks through scripting.

Filesystem hierarchy

The filesystem hierarchy in a computer system is an organized structure that dictates how files and directories are stored and navigated. Think of it as a tree with many branches; at the root is the main directory, under which multiple subdirectories exist for specific groups of files. For example, system settings files may reside in one branch while user data files live in another. This hierarchy helps both users and the system itself to find and manage files efficiently, ensuring that similar types of files are grouped together in a way that makes sense logically and functionally.

Storage

Storage in technology refers to the process of saving data to devices or media, allowing it to be accessed and used later. It can be temporary or permanent and varies in form, such as hard drives, SSDs, or cloud storage. Reliable storage underpins the operation of systems like the Ubuntu 20.04 LTS server, ensuring efficient data management and accessibility. As data demands grow, advancements in storage technologies continue to play a critical role in the development of robust and efficient IT systems, supporting a range of applications from everyday computing to enterprise-level tasks.

System initialization

System initialization is the process that an operating system follows to start or reboot a computer. This involves loading the kernel, setting up system processes, and preparing services that users and applications will interact with. On Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server, this sequence begins with the bootloader such as GRUB, which then hands over control to the Linux kernel. The kernel initializes devices and drivers, and sets up system resources. Finally, the system uses systemd, an init system, to start services defined by the user or system administrator. This prepares the server for operational tasks in a stable environment.

Networking

Networking in technology refers to the connection of computers, servers, and other devices to share resources and data. By linking devices together using hardware like routers and switches and software protocols, networking enables users to exchange information and access shared resources such as files, printers, and internet connections. This infrastructure supports various applications, making it fundamental for business environments to function efficiently. Effective networking setups can also optimize the performance and security of these communications, critical for organizational success and protection of sensitive data.

Software management

Software management involves overseeing and coordinating the development, maintenance, and deployment of software applications. This field focuses on organizing development teams, managing software projects, and ensuring quality control throughout the software lifecycle. Effective software management balances technical tasks with soft skills like communication and collaboration to meet timelines and budget constraints while delivering software that meets user needs and standards. Techniques involve planning, scheduling, risk management, and utilizing methodologies such as Agile or Waterfall to manage the software development process efficiently.

Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting is the systematic process of diagnosing and resolving problems in a system or product. It involves identifying the issue, understanding how components interact, and using logical deduction to pinpoint the cause. This method is crucial in managing systems like an Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server, ensuring they operate efficiently. Steps include gathering information, hypothesizing potential faults, testing these theories, and applying fixes to restore functionality. Effective troubleshooting saves time and resources, maximizing system uptime and reliability.

Installation of Ubuntu

Installing Ubuntu, specifically the Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server, involves setting up an open-source operating system on a computer server. The process begins by downloading the Ubuntu 20.04 LTS image from the official Ubuntu website and creating a bootable USB or DVD. Next, you reboot the computer with the USB or DVD inserted, follow the installation prompts to select language, location, and keyboard preferences, along with allocating drive space. During installation, you can also choose server roles and security settings. After completing the installation, you restart the computer and remove the installation media to boot into your freshly installed Ubuntu server system.

OpenSSH

OpenSSH is a suite of secure networking utilities based on the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol, which is commonly used to access remote servers securely. It allows encrypted communication over networks to prevent unauthorized data access or leaks. OpenSSH includes tools to create secure tunnels, copy files, and even manage public and private keys. It is highly appreciated for its robust security features and the customization options it offers admins for secure network management. As part of the Ubuntu 20.04 LTS server, OpenSSH comes pre-installed, making it an ideal choice for administrators seeking to secure their server communications.

Virtualization with KVM

Virtualization with KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is a technology that allows for multiple operating systems, called virtual machines, to run simultaneously on a single physical server using hardware acceleration provided by the CPU. Specifically, it's widely implemented on Linux systems like Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server. KVM turns Linux into a hypervisor that manages the virtual machines, which can include Ubuntu Server setups. This makes it efficient for testing various server configurations, developing software, or deploying scalable solutions on certified hardware, maximizing both performance and server utilization.

Grub2

Grub2, or the GRand Unified Bootloader version 2, is the software that most systems running Ubuntu, including Ubuntu 20.04 LTS server, use to manage the boot process. This program allows you to choose which operating system or kernel to boot into when you start your computer. It is highly configurable, supporting multiple operating systems, and includes features for troubleshooting and recovery. Grub2 is crucial for servers, where stable and secure booting is essential, making it an important consideration for those pursuing Ubuntu server certification.

Filesystem management

Filesystem management involves organizing and controlling how data is stored and retrieved on a computer system. It ensures that files are placed efficiently for quick access while keeping the system stable and secure. This process includes creating, updating, deleting, and arranging files in directories. Filesystem management is crucial in server environments, such as those running Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server, where data integrity and accessibility are paramount. Effective filesystem management helps in optimizing system performance and resource utilization, which is essential for maintaining system health and functionality.

RAID configurations

RAID, or Redundant Array of Independent Disks, is a technology that combines multiple hard drives into a single unit to enhance data safety and improve performance. RAID configurations vary: RAID 0 speeds up systems by spreading data across multiple disks but offers no data protection; RAID 1 mirrors data across two drives for security; RAID 5 distributes data and parity information across three or more disks, balancing speed and safety; RAID 10 combines mirroring and striping for high speed and security. Choosing the right RAID setup depends on your needs for redundancy, performance, and cost.

AppArmor

AppArmor (Application Armor) is a security module for the Linux kernel, providing a way to restrict programs' capabilities with per-program profiles. Available by default on Ubuntu distributions like Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server, it helps limit the potential damage from vulnerabilities in server applications. Profiles, which define the resources accessible to specific apps, can be set to enforce or just to complain for logging purposes. This makes server administration more secure and reliable without the need for complex configuration, enhancing overall system stability and security.

Snappy

Snappy is a compression and decompression library, which emphasizes speed over the degree of compression. It is used widely for fast data compression and decompression, suitable for scenarios where processing efficiency is crucial. Snappy is often employed in real-time data processing systems where speed is paramount. It does not achieve the highest compression ratios compared to other compression algorithms but offers very high speeds, making it ideal for high-speed storage and network scenarios. One common use of Snappy is within systems that handle large datasets rapidly, such as big data analytics platforms.

LXD

LXD is a next-generation system container and virtual machine manager that enables you to run multiple isolated Linux systems (containers) on a single Linux host. Think of it as a lightweight alternative to traditional VMs, but faster and more resource-efficient, leveraging the security features of the Linux kernel. It’s commonly used with Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server, providing an optimal environment for developers to deploy and manage their applications securely and at scale, making it a practical choice for those pursuing Ubuntu server certification. LXD is particularly valued for its scalability, ease of use, and robust API.

Package management

Package management in computing refers to the process of handling the installation, upgrading, configuration, and removal of software on a computer system. This system simplifies the management of software by automating the retrieval, installation, and maintenance of software packages from a global registry of software, ensuring consistency and saving time. It enables users to easily manage software on platforms like Ubuntu 20.04 LTS server, ensuring that software dependencies are managed and conflicts are avoided, enhancing the system's stability and usability.

Containerization

Containerization is a technology that packages software code with all its dependencies into a single container that can run consistently on any system. This method isolates applications from the underlying environment, providing quicker deployment, scalability, and less conflict between development and operations teams. Containers are lightweight, use fewer resources than traditional virtual machines, and can be easily controlled by container management systems. This ensures that the software functions the same in various computing environments, whether it’s a personal laptop, a server, or the cloud. Containerization is a key component of modern software deployment strategies.

Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server administration

Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server administration involves managing and maintaining the Ubuntu 20.04 LTS operating system on servers. This version, also known as Focal Fossa, provides a stable and secure platform for hosting applications and services. Administrators are responsible for setting up the server, installing necessary software, configuring system settings, monitoring system performance, and ensuring data security. Common tasks include managing user permissions, updating the system, and troubleshooting issues. Gaining an Ubuntu server certification can validate expertise in these areas, equipping professionals with the skills needed to efficiently manage Ubuntu servers in a variety of IT environments.

Target Audience for Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server administration

  1. The Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server administration course offers in-depth training for managing Linux servers, suitable for IT professionals.


  2. Target audience for the course includes:


  • System Administrators
  • IT Infrastructure Managers
  • Network Administrators
  • DevOps Engineers
  • Technical Support Specialists
  • Cloud Engineers
  • Security Professionals
  • Database Administrators
  • IT Students and Academic Staff with a focus on computer science or related fields
  • Professionals looking to transition into Linux-based roles
  • Software Developers with a need to understand server environments
  • Data Center Technicians
  • IT Professionals seeking Linux certification


Learning Objectives - What you will Learn in this Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server administration?

Introduction to Learning Outcomes

Gain comprehensive knowledge in managing Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server, covering system administration, networking, security, virtualization, and advanced filesystem management.

Learning Objectives and Outcomes

  • Understand the Ubuntu operating system, its ecosystem, and command-line interface (CLI) environment.
  • Master the Linux filesystem hierarchy, storage management, and user and group identity management.
  • Configure basic networking on Ubuntu Server, including understanding protocols and IP addressing.
  • Perform process and software management, install Ubuntu, and troubleshoot common system issues.
  • Secure remote administration with OpenSSH, including key-based authentication and SSH tools.
  • Set up and manage virtualization environments using KVM and QEMU, enhancing skills in advanced server administration.
  • Configure system initialization processes, including GRUB2 and systemd, and manage hardware enablement stacks (HWE).
  • Learn advanced filesystem concepts, including inodes, superblocks, setuid/setgid bits, sticky bits, and the XFS filesystem.
  • Manage complex storage solutions, such as RAID configurations, software RAID recovery, and device mapper multipathing.
  • Implement network security and authentication using PAM, ACLs, AppArmor, and understand advanced networking features like VLANs and bonding.