Front-end web development has become one of the IT industry’s most high demand domains and job roles today. It is one of the most high-paying domains with great scope for growth and earning. The fundamental skills required in this role are knowledge of CSS, HTML, JavaScript and the working of servers. This makes front-end development a valuable step toward a full-stack development career. The front-end development domain in itself is also quite comprehensive as it covers a wide range of tools and techniques. To understand a candidate’s grasp on each of these concepts, front-end developer interview questions are diverse and cover several domains.
In today’s technology-driven world, programmers must have a high level of proficiency in coding to help them convert the requirements of a client into a finished product. In front-end developer interviews, the hiring professional is always looking for this high proficiency level in candidates who take initiative. The leading IT organisations of the world want to hire developers who can lead app building and management projects and create solutions that are responsive and interactive. This must be done keeping in mind the needs and convenience of the client.
If you are just starting in the front-end development and programming domain and don’t know how to prepare for your interview, you’re in the right place. Understanding the different types of interview questions that you are likely to face can significantly improve your chances of answering them correctly and getting your dream job as a front-end developer. Take a look at the following questions based on specific domains that you will most likely face in your next interview.
Front-end app development encompasses everything within the web development domain that focuses on what end-consumers and end-users see on their screens. It aims at modifying the code that backend developers create and transform it into an effective and usable graphical interface while ensuring that all necessary data is provided in a manner and format that makes it easy to comprehend. WIthout front-end development and programming, end-users would only see a page full of indecipherable code every time they opened a web application or website. Everything you see on a website, including this article, social media platforms and search engines, is a result of front-end developers working closely with backend developers to bring you the desired experience.
Front-end developers have a wide range of duties and responsibilities besides ensuring users understand the GUI of the application. They must customise the app screen for different devices and operating systems and also build solutions that can function on every web browser platform across devices including Google Chrome, Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Opera and Safari.
To understand the level of skill development you need to answer all front-end interview questions, take a look at the most common interview questions asked below.
VCS is short for a version control system, a program used to record any changes made to a data set of a file so that it can be restored to any previous version whenever necessary. A VCS ensures that all the members of a team work on the latest file version at all times.
The following are features of a Centralised VCS:
The following are features of a Distributed VCS:
Git Push is a Git command that moves all the contents in a local data repository to a remote one. The Push command runs after it changes its local repository so that the remote team can access these new changes.
Git Pull is a specialised Git command that takes file changes from one remote repository and merges these changes into a local data repository. There are two commands in Git Pull - git fetch and git merge, applied in the same order.
Some of the most widely-used Git functions are:
GIT fetch only downloads new data from a remote repository. none of this infor mation is included in any local working files. developers run git fetch whenever they try to update their remote-tracking branches.
On the other hand, Git Pull helps draw new data and integrate it with existing working files. It also updates the present HEAD branch with any new modifications made to the remote server. Git Pull aims to combine remote changes with local changes to create a single updated document.
An attribute is a property that developers can add to a regular HTML tag and change the way it behaves or appears. Developers add attributes after an HTML tag’s name, within the brackets but immediately after.
Marquee helps developers and users scroll through the text on a webpage. Marquee is used for scrolling an image up, down, right or left automatically. The tag <marquee> tag is used to apply for a marquee.
Semantic HTML refers to a method of coding where HTML markup is used to emphasise the meaning or semantics of the existing content.
There are several tables used to define different parts of a table. These are as follows:
HTML SVG is a markup programming language used to describe raster and vector graphics. XML text files are a defining component of SVG pictures and any associated behaviours. Generally, SVG is used for diagrams with an X-Y coordinate system such as 2D graphs or pie charts.
The following tags can help developers to divide one part of a large body of text.
Ordered lists use the tags <ol> and </ol>. Every element on the list is generally written between the <li> and </li> tags.
Unordered lists use the <ul> and </ul> tags. Every element on this list is written between the <li> and </li> tags.
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To incorporate CSS stylings in HTML, three methods can be used.
The Box Sizing property in CSS defines how developers should calculate the width and height of a box.
Content Box is when the default height and width get applied to the content of an element. The border and padding lie outside the box.
Padding Box is when the developer adds the dimensions to include the padding and content of the element. This adds a border outside the given box.
Border Box is when the box dimensions apply to the border, padding and content.
There are three ways to hide elements with CSS.
Every image sends a separate HTTP request. This means a web page with more photos will take more time to load. A CSS Sprite minimised a web page’s loading time by blending several small pictures into one big picture.
There are several data types in JavaScript that are essential for the basic functioning of web applications. They are:
Callback is a JavaScript function that developers send as a parameter or argument to other functions. You can call this function whenever the function it is provided to gets called.
Function declaration is written as
function abc(){
return 5;
}
In the main code in JavaScript, the function declaration is a separate statement. Developers can invoke it before the function is defined as it helps improve the readability of the code.
Function expression is written as
var a = function abc(){
return
}
Function Expression is created within a construct like an expression. Its primary use is when you need a conditional declaration for a function.
A cookie refers to a small byte-sized piece of information or data that a website sends and which gets saved on a user’s computer system by the browser they are using to access this page. Cookies help systems and browsers remember data to use later and track the browsing activities on the website. The easiest way to make a cookie using JavaScript is:
document.cookie = "key1 = value1; key2 = value2; expires = date";
To delete cookies, developers simply set an expiry time and data. Spelling out the right path of any cookie is a good JavaScript practice. This can be done this way:
function delete_cookie(name) {
document.cookie = name + "=; Path=/; Expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;";
}
In JavaScript, a Closure is a feature through which inner functions can access the variables of the outer function. Closures have three chains of scope.
Export refers to files that export two functions designed to calculate the diagonal and squares of the respective input.
Import refers to files that import these same functions and pass the input to the functions so that the diagonal and squares can be calculated.
Undefined refers to a situation where a variable is declared but no value has been assigned to the variable yet.
Null refers to the assignment of value to a variable that isn’t meant to contain any value.
Undeclared refers to variables that don’t exist in an application or program or haven’t been declared.
There are two ways to remove duplicates from a given JavaScript array:
JSX is a syntactic extension in JavaScript and a term that describes what a user interface should look like. Using JSX allows developers to write JavaScript code and HTML structures within the same file. It also makes code easy to debug and understand by avoiding complex JS DOM structures.
Virtual DOM is a lite version of Real DOM that gets retained in memory by React. While processing Real DOM, there is nothing drawn on the screen. For this reason, handling Virtual DOM is much faster in comparison.
React is not just a user interface framework. It is made up of several diverse extensions that encompass entire application architectures. It also allows server-side rendering and supports mobile app development. Redux and Flux are two popularly known extensions, among others. The application architecture Facebook uses to develop online apps is Flux. Additionally, developers can create entire mobile apps from scratch in JavaScript using React Native.
While these front-end interview questions are fairly comprehensive and cover all the fundamentals, they are not the only questions you can face. However, they show you the domains you should focus on, the skills you should develop and how you should frame your answers. There are several instances that recruiters recount where even good candidates fail to get the job just because they don’t know how to frame their answers. You can also choose to get mentored by experts and industry veterans before your interview and enrol in a training course on Koenig today. Give your career the boost it deserves and register now.
Archer Charles has top education industry knowledge with 4 years of experience. Being a passionate blogger also does blogging on the technology niche.